【Raspberry Pi & Scratch】Camera Module V2で写真と動画を撮影する

前回、Raspberry Pi 3に「Camera Module V2」を接続しました。今回はこれで実際に撮影してみたいと思います

Raspberry Pi3にCamera Module V2をつないでみました箱に入っているのはこれだけ。説明書などはありませんでも、心配はご無用。公式サイトに詳しい説明があります。英語だけど・・・ Raspberry Piに接続僕は...

OSの設定

まず、ファームウェアをアップデートします

sudo rpi-update

カメラを有効にして、システムを再起動します

写真の撮影

撮影はコマンドラインとPythonから行えます。今回はコマンドラインで撮影してみたいと思います

raspistillコマンドで撮影できます。-oで出力ファイル名を指定します

raspistill -o cam.jpg

写りはこんな感じ。結構綺麗に撮れます

-kをつけると自分のタイミングでシャッターが切れます（何枚か撮ると終了します）。xキーを押して、リターンで終了できます

raspistill -o cam.jpg -k

-pでプレビューのサイズを指定できます

raspistill -o cam.jpg -k -p 100,100,328,246

画像のサイズを指定しなければ3280×2464で撮影されます。出力先はホームディレクトリ。同じファイル名なら上書きされます

raspistillコマンドの使い方

Runs camera for specific time, and take JPG capture at end if requested

usage: raspistill [options]

Image parameter commands

-?, --help	: This help information
-w, --width	: Set image width <size>
-h, --height	: Set image height <size>
-q, --quality	: Set jpeg quality <0 to 100>
-r, --raw	: Add raw bayer data to jpeg metadata
-o, --output	: Output filename <filename> (to write to stdout, use '-o -'). If not specified, no file is saved
-l, --latest	: Link latest complete image to filename <filename>
-v, --verbose	: Output verbose information during run
-t, --timeout	: Time (in ms) before takes picture and shuts down (if not specified, set to 5s)
-th, --thumb	: Set thumbnail parameters (x:y:quality) or none
-d, --demo	: Run a demo mode (cycle through range of camera options, no capture)
-e, --encoding	: Encoding to use for output file (jpg, bmp, gif, png)
-x, --exif	: EXIF tag to apply to captures (format as 'key=value') or none
-tl, --timelapse	: Timelapse mode. Takes a picture every <t>ms. %d == frame number (Try: -o img_%04d.jpg)
-fp, --fullpreview	: Run the preview using the still capture resolution (may reduce preview fps)
-k, --keypress	: Wait between captures for a ENTER, X then ENTER to exit
-s, --signal	: Wait between captures for a SIGUSR1 from another process
-g, --gl	: Draw preview to texture instead of using video render component
-gc, --glcapture	: Capture the GL frame-buffer instead of the camera image
-set, --settings	: Retrieve camera settings and write to stdout
-cs, --camselect	: Select camera <number>. Default 0
-bm, --burst	: Enable 'burst capture mode'
-md, --mode	: Force sensor mode. 0=auto. See docs for other modes available
-dt, --datetime	: Replace output pattern (%d) with DateTime (MonthDayHourMinSec)
-ts, --timestamp	: Replace output pattern (%d) with unix timestamp (seconds since 1970)
-fs, --framestart	: Starting frame number in output pattern(%d)
-rs, --restart	: JPEG Restart interval (default of 0 for none)

Preview parameter commands

-p, --preview	: Preview window settings <'x,y,w,h'>
-f, --fullscreen	: Fullscreen preview mode
-op, --opacity	: Preview window opacity (0-255)
-n, --nopreview	: Do not display a preview window

Image parameter commands

-sh, --sharpness	: Set image sharpness (-100 to 100)
-co, --contrast	: Set image contrast (-100 to 100)
-br, --brightness	: Set image brightness (0 to 100)
-sa, --saturation	: Set image saturation (-100 to 100)
-ISO, --ISO	: Set capture ISO
-vs, --vstab	: Turn on video stabilisation
-ev, --ev	: Set EV compensation - steps of 1/6 stop
-ex, --exposure	: Set exposure mode (see Notes)
-awb, --awb	: Set AWB mode (see Notes)
-ifx, --imxfx	: Set image effect (see Notes)
-cfx, --colfx	: Set colour effect (U:V)
-mm, --metering	: Set metering mode (see Notes)
-rot, --rotation	: Set image rotation (0-359)
-hf, --hflip	: Set horizontal flip
-vf, --vflip	: Set vertical flip
-roi, --roi	: Set region of interest (x,y,w,d as normalised coordinates [0.0-1.0])
-ss, --shutter	: Set shutter speed in microseconds
-awbg, --awbgains	: Set AWB gains - AWB mode must be off
-drc, --drc	: Set DRC Level (see Notes)
-st, --stats	: Force recomputation of statistics on stills capture pass
-a, --annotate	: Enable/Set annotate flags or text
-3d, --stereo	: Select stereoscopic mode
-dec, --decimate	: Half width/height of stereo image
-3dswap, --3dswap	: Swap camera order for stereoscopic
-ae, --annotateex	: Set extra annotation parameters (text size, text colour(hex YUV), bg colour(hex YUV))


Notes

Exposure mode options :
off,auto,night,nightpreview,backlight,spotlight,sports,snow,beach,verylong,fixedfps,antishake,fireworks

AWB mode options :
off,auto,sun,cloud,shade,tungsten,fluorescent,incandescent,flash,horizon

Image Effect mode options :
none,negative,solarise,sketch,denoise,emboss,oilpaint,hatch,gpen,pastel,watercolour,film,blur,saturation,colourswap,washedout,posterise,colourpoint,colourbalance,cartoon

Metering Mode options :
average,spot,backlit,matrix

Dynamic Range Compression (DRC) options :
off,low,med,high

Preview parameter commands

-gs, --glscene	: GL scene square,teapot,mirror,yuv,sobel
-gw, --glwin	: GL window settings <'x,y,w,h'>

ビデオの撮影

-oで出力ファイル名を指定、-tで録画時間（ミリ秒）を指定できます

raspivid -o video.h264 -t 10000

録画したH.264形式のビデオはVLCメディアプレイヤーで再生できました（Raspberry PiのVLCでは再生できず、MacのVLCで再生できました）

Display camera output to display, and optionally saves an H264 capture at requested bitrate


usage: raspivid [options]

Image parameter commands

-?, --help	: This help information
-w, --width	: Set image width <size>. Default 1920
-h, --height	: Set image height <size>. Default 1080
-b, --bitrate	: Set bitrate. Use bits per second (e.g. 10MBits/s would be -b 10000000)
-o, --output	: Output filename <filename> (to write to stdout, use '-o -')
-v, --verbose	: Output verbose information during run
-t, --timeout	: Time (in ms) to capture for. If not specified, set to 5s. Zero to disable
-d, --demo	: Run a demo mode (cycle through range of camera options, no capture)
-fps, --framerate	: Specify the frames per second to record
-e, --penc	: Display preview image *after* encoding (shows compression artifacts)
-g, --intra	: Specify the intra refresh period (key frame rate/GoP size). Zero to produce an initial I-frame and then just P-frames.
-pf, --profile	: Specify H264 profile to use for encoding
-td, --timed	: Cycle between capture and pause. -cycle on,off where on is record time and off is pause time in ms
-s, --signal	: Cycle between capture and pause on Signal
-k, --keypress	: Cycle between capture and pause on ENTER
-i, --initial	: Initial state. Use 'record' or 'pause'. Default 'record'
-qp, --qp	: Quantisation parameter. Use approximately 10-40. Default 0 (off)
-ih, --inline	: Insert inline headers (SPS, PPS) to stream
-sg, --segment	: Segment output file in to multiple files at specified interval <ms>
-wr, --wrap	: In segment mode, wrap any numbered filename back to 1 when reach number
-sn, --start	: In segment mode, start with specified segment number
-sp, --split	: In wait mode, create new output file for each start event
-c, --circular	: Run encoded data through circular buffer until triggered then save
-x, --vectors	: Output filename <filename> for inline motion vectors
-cs, --camselect	: Select camera <number>. Default 0
-set, --settings	: Retrieve camera settings and write to stdout
-md, --mode	: Force sensor mode. 0=auto. See docs for other modes available
-if, --irefresh	: Set intra refresh type
-fl, --flush	: Flush buffers in order to decrease latency
-pts, --save-pts	: Save Timestamps to file for mkvmerge
-cd, --codec	: Specify the codec to use - H264 (default) or MJPEG
-lev, --level	: Specify H264 level to use for encoding
-r, --raw	: Output filename <filename> for raw video
-rf, --raw-format	: Specify output format for raw video. Default is yuv


H264 Profile options :
baseline,main,high

H264 Level options :
4,4.1,4.2

H264 Intra refresh options :
cyclic,adaptive,both,cyclicrows

Raw output format options :
yuv,rgb,gray

Preview parameter commands

-p, --preview	: Preview window settings <'x,y,w,h'>
-f, --fullscreen	: Fullscreen preview mode
-op, --opacity	: Preview window opacity (0-255)
-n, --nopreview	: Do not display a preview window

Image parameter commands

-sh, --sharpness	: Set image sharpness (-100 to 100)
-co, --contrast	: Set image contrast (-100 to 100)
-br, --brightness	: Set image brightness (0 to 100)
-sa, --saturation	: Set image saturation (-100 to 100)
-ISO, --ISO	: Set capture ISO
-vs, --vstab	: Turn on video stabilisation
-ev, --ev	: Set EV compensation - steps of 1/6 stop
-ex, --exposure	: Set exposure mode (see Notes)
-awb, --awb	: Set AWB mode (see Notes)
-ifx, --imxfx	: Set image effect (see Notes)
-cfx, --colfx	: Set colour effect (U:V)
-mm, --metering	: Set metering mode (see Notes)
-rot, --rotation	: Set image rotation (0-359)
-hf, --hflip	: Set horizontal flip
-vf, --vflip	: Set vertical flip
-roi, --roi	: Set region of interest (x,y,w,d as normalised coordinates [0.0-1.0])
-ss, --shutter	: Set shutter speed in microseconds
-awbg, --awbgains	: Set AWB gains - AWB mode must be off
-drc, --drc	: Set DRC Level (see Notes)
-st, --stats	: Force recomputation of statistics on stills capture pass
-a, --annotate	: Enable/Set annotate flags or text
-3d, --stereo	: Select stereoscopic mode
-dec, --decimate	: Half width/height of stereo image
-3dswap, --3dswap	: Swap camera order for stereoscopic
-ae, --annotateex	: Set extra annotation parameters (text size, text colour(hex YUV), bg colour(hex YUV))


Notes

Exposure mode options :
off,auto,night,nightpreview,backlight,spotlight,sports,snow,beach,verylong,fixedfps,antishake,fireworks

AWB mode options :
off,auto,sun,cloud,shade,tungsten,fluorescent,incandescent,flash,horizon

Image Effect mode options :
none,negative,solarise,sketch,denoise,emboss,oilpaint,hatch,gpen,pastel,watercolour,film,blur,saturation,colourswap,washedout,posterise,colourpoint,colourbalance,cartoon

Metering Mode options :
average,spot,backlit,matrix

Dynamic Range Compression (DRC) options :
off,low,med,high